Endocrine Conditions & Diseases

An autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to absolute insulin deficiency.

A metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.

Underactive thyroid gland producing insufficient thyroid hormones.

Overactive thyroid, most commonly caused by autoimmune Graves disease.

Chronic autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid leading to hypothyroidism.

Primary adrenal insufficiency causing deficient cortisol and aldosterone production.

Excess cortisol exposure from endogenous overproduction or exogenous sources.

Hormonal disorder causing ovarian cysts, hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory dysfunction.

Overproduction of parathyroid hormone leading to hypercalcemia.

Insufficient parathyroid hormone causing low calcium levels.

Catecholamine‑producing tumor of the adrenal medulla.

Excess growth hormone after epiphyseal closure causing tissue overgrowth.

Excess growth hormone before epiphyseal closure leading to extreme height.

Testicular failure resulting in low testosterone production.

Loss of ovarian function before age 40, causing estrogen deficiency.

Elevated prolactin levels that can disrupt reproductive function.

Deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the hypothalamus/pituitary.

Excess ADH release causing water retention and hyponatremia.

Aldosterone overproduction leading to sodium retention and potassium loss.

Inherited syndrome causing tumors of the parathyroid, pancreas, and pituitary.

Inherited disorder predisposing to medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and parathyroid hyperplasia.

Genetic enzyme defects impairing cortisol synthesis, leading to excess androgen production.

Rare pancreatic beta‑cell tumor that secretes insulin autonomously.

The most common thyroid malignancy, often linked to radiation exposure.

Neuroendocrine tumor of thyroid C‑cells, can be sporadic or part of MEN2.

Benign tumor of a parathyroid gland causing primary hyperparathyroidism.

Benign pituitary tumor that does not secrete hormones but may cause mass effects.

Insufficient secretion of growth hormone leading to short stature and metabolic issues.

Loss of menstrual cycles due to hypothalamic suppression often from stress or low body weight.

Solid or cystic growths within the thyroid gland that are non‑cancerous.